Face Generation

In this project, you'll use generative adversarial networks to generate new images of faces.

Get the Data

You'll be using two datasets in this project:

  • MNIST
  • CelebA

Since the celebA dataset is complex and you're doing GANs in a project for the first time, we want you to test your neural network on MNIST before CelebA. Running the GANs on MNIST will allow you to see how well your model trains sooner.

If you're using FloydHub, set data_dir to "/input" and use the FloydHub data ID "R5KrjnANiKVhLWAkpXhNBe".

In [1]:
# data_dir = './data'

# FloydHub - Use with data ID "R5KrjnANiKVhLWAkpXhNBe"
data_dir = '/input'


"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL
"""
import helper

helper.download_extract('mnist', data_dir)
helper.download_extract('celeba', data_dir)
Found mnist Data
Found celeba Data

Explore the Data

MNIST

As you're aware, the MNIST dataset contains images of handwritten digits. You can view the first number of examples by changing show_n_images.

In [2]:
show_n_images = 25

"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL
"""
%matplotlib inline
import os
from glob import glob
from matplotlib import pyplot

mnist_images = helper.get_batch(glob(os.path.join(data_dir, 'mnist/*.jpg'))[:show_n_images], 28, 28, 'L')
pyplot.imshow(helper.images_square_grid(mnist_images, 'L'), cmap='gray')
Out[2]:
<matplotlib.image.AxesImage at 0x7f9a5ff71780>

CelebA

The CelebFaces Attributes Dataset (CelebA) dataset contains over 200,000 celebrity images with annotations. Since you're going to be generating faces, you won't need the annotations. You can view the first number of examples by changing show_n_images.

In [3]:
show_n_images = 25

"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL
"""
mnist_images = helper.get_batch(glob(os.path.join(data_dir, 'img_align_celeba/*.jpg'))[:show_n_images], 28, 28, 'RGB')
pyplot.imshow(helper.images_square_grid(mnist_images, 'RGB'))
Out[3]:
<matplotlib.image.AxesImage at 0x7f9a88072390>

Preprocess the Data

Since the project's main focus is on building the GANs, we'll preprocess the data for you. The values of the MNIST and CelebA dataset will be in the range of -0.5 to 0.5 of 28x28 dimensional images. The CelebA images will be cropped to remove parts of the image that don't include a face, then resized down to 28x28.

The MNIST images are black and white images with a single color channel while the CelebA images have 3 color channels (RGB color channel).

Build the Neural Network

You'll build the components necessary to build a GANs by implementing the following functions below:

  • model_inputs
  • discriminator
  • generator
  • model_loss
  • model_opt
  • train

Check the Version of TensorFlow and Access to GPU

This will check to make sure you have the correct version of TensorFlow and access to a GPU

In [4]:
"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL
"""
from distutils.version import LooseVersion
import warnings
import tensorflow as tf

# Check TensorFlow Version
assert LooseVersion(tf.__version__) >= LooseVersion('1.0'), 'Please use TensorFlow version 1.0 or newer.  You are using {}'.format(tf.__version__)
print('TensorFlow Version: {}'.format(tf.__version__))

# Check for a GPU
if not tf.test.gpu_device_name():
    warnings.warn('No GPU found. Please use a GPU to train your neural network.')
else:
    print('Default GPU Device: {}'.format(tf.test.gpu_device_name()))
TensorFlow Version: 1.1.0
Default GPU Device: /gpu:0

Input

Implement the model_inputs function to create TF Placeholders for the Neural Network. It should create the following placeholders:

  • Real input images placeholder with rank 4 using image_width, image_height, and image_channels.
  • Z input placeholder with rank 2 using z_dim.
  • Learning rate placeholder with rank 0.

Return the placeholders in the following the tuple (tensor of real input images, tensor of z data)

In [5]:
import problem_unittests as tests

def model_inputs(image_width, image_height, image_channels, z_dim):
    """
    Create the model inputs
    :param image_width: The input image width
    :param image_height: The input image height
    :param image_channels: The number of image channels
    :param z_dim: The dimension of Z
    :return: Tuple of (tensor of real input images, tensor of z data, learning rate)
    """
    # TODO: Implement Function
    input_images = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, image_width, image_height, image_channels], name='imput_images')
    input_z = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, z_dim], name='input_z')
    learning_rate = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, name='lr')

    return input_images, input_z, learning_rate


"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
tests.test_model_inputs(model_inputs)
Tests Passed

Discriminator

Implement discriminator to create a discriminator neural network that discriminates on images. This function should be able to reuse the variabes in the neural network. Use tf.variable_scope with a scope name of "discriminator" to allow the variables to be reused. The function should return a tuple of (tensor output of the generator, tensor logits of the generator).

In [15]:
alpha = 0.02
In [16]:
def discriminator(images, reuse=False):
    """
    Create the discriminator network
    :param image: Tensor of input image(s)
    :param reuse: Boolean if the weights should be reused
    :return: Tuple of (tensor output of the discriminator, tensor logits of the discriminator)
    """
    # TODO: Implement Function
    with tf.variable_scope('discriminator', reuse=reuse):
        x = tf.layers.conv2d(images, 128, 5, strides=2, padding='same')
        x = tf.layers.batch_normalization(x, training=True)
        x = tf.maximum(alpha * x, x)
        # 14x14
        
        x = tf.layers.conv2d(x, 256, 5, strides=2, padding='same')
        x = tf.layers.batch_normalization(x, training=True)
        x = tf.maximum(alpha * x, x)
        # 7x7x256
        
#         x = tf.layers.conv2d(x, 512, 5, strides=2, padding='same')
#         x = tf.layers.batch_normalization(x, training=True)
#         x = tf.maximum(alpha * x, x)
        # 4x4x512
        
        x = tf.reshape(x, (-1, 7*7*256))
        
        logits = tf.layers.dense(x, 1)
        out = tf.sigmoid(logits)
        
    return out, logits


"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
tests.test_discriminator(discriminator, tf)
Tests Passed

Generator

Implement generator to generate an image using z. This function should be able to reuse the variabes in the neural network. Use tf.variable_scope with a scope name of "generator" to allow the variables to be reused. The function should return the generated 28 x 28 x out_channel_dim images.

In [17]:
def generator(z, out_channel_dim, is_train=True):
    """
    Create the generator network
    :param z: Input z
    :param out_channel_dim: The number of channels in the output image
    :param is_train: Boolean if generator is being used for training
    :return: The tensor output of the generator
    """
    # TODO: Implement Function
    with tf.variable_scope('generator', reuse=(not is_train)):
        x = tf.layers.dense(z, 7*7*256)
        x = tf.reshape(x, (-1, 7, 7, 256))
        x = tf.layers.batch_normalization(x, training=is_train)
        x = tf.maximum(alpha * x, x)
        
        x = tf.layers.conv2d_transpose(x, 128, 5, strides=2, padding='same')
        x = tf.layers.batch_normalization(x, training=is_train)
        x = tf.maximum(alpha * x, x)
        # 14x14
        
        logits = tf.layers.conv2d_transpose(x, out_channel_dim, 5, strides=2, padding='same')
        out = tf.tanh(logits)
        
    return out


"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
tests.test_generator(generator, tf)
Tests Passed

Loss

Implement model_loss to build the GANs for training and calculate the loss. The function should return a tuple of (discriminator loss, generator loss). Use the following functions you implemented:

  • discriminator(images, reuse=False)
  • generator(z, out_channel_dim, is_train=True)
In [18]:
def model_loss(input_real, input_z, out_channel_dim):
    """
    Get the loss for the discriminator and generator
    :param input_real: Images from the real dataset
    :param input_z: Z input
    :param out_channel_dim: The number of channels in the output image
    :return: A tuple of (discriminator loss, generator loss)
    """
    # TODO: Implement Function
    g_model = generator(input_z, out_channel_dim, is_train=True)
    d_model_real, d_logits_real = discriminator(input_real, reuse=False)
    d_model_fake, d_logits_fake = discriminator(g_model, reuse=True)
    
    d_loss_real = tf.reduce_mean(
        tf.nn.sigmoid_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits=d_logits_real, labels=tf.ones_like(d_model_real))
    )
    d_loss_fake = tf.reduce_mean(
        tf.nn.sigmoid_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits=d_logits_fake, labels=tf.zeros_like(d_model_fake))
    )
    
    d_loss = d_loss_real + d_loss_fake
    
    g_loss = tf.reduce_mean(
        tf.nn.sigmoid_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits=d_logits_fake, labels=tf.ones_like(d_model_fake))
    )
    return d_loss, g_loss


"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
tests.test_model_loss(model_loss)
Tests Passed

Optimization

Implement model_opt to create the optimization operations for the GANs. Use tf.trainable_variables to get all the trainable variables. Filter the variables with names that are in the discriminator and generator scope names. The function should return a tuple of (discriminator training operation, generator training operation).

In [19]:
def model_opt(d_loss, g_loss, learning_rate, beta1):
    """
    Get optimization operations
    :param d_loss: Discriminator loss Tensor
    :param g_loss: Generator loss Tensor
    :param learning_rate: Learning Rate Placeholder
    :param beta1: The exponential decay rate for the 1st moment in the optimizer
    :return: A tuple of (discriminator training operation, generator training operation)
    """
    # TODO: Implement Function
    t_vars = tf.trainable_variables()
    d_vars = [var for var in t_vars if var.name.startswith('discriminator')]
    g_vars = [var for var in t_vars if var.name.startswith('generator')]

    # Optimize
    with tf.control_dependencies(tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.UPDATE_OPS)):
        d_train_opt = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate, beta1=beta1).minimize(d_loss, var_list=d_vars)
        g_train_opt = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate, beta1=beta1).minimize(g_loss, var_list=g_vars)


    return d_train_opt, g_train_opt


"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
tests.test_model_opt(model_opt, tf)
Tests Passed

Neural Network Training

Show Output

Use this function to show the current output of the generator during training. It will help you determine how well the GANs is training.

In [20]:
"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL
"""
import numpy as np

def show_generator_output(sess, n_images, input_z, out_channel_dim, image_mode):
    """
    Show example output for the generator
    :param sess: TensorFlow session
    :param n_images: Number of Images to display
    :param input_z: Input Z Tensor
    :param out_channel_dim: The number of channels in the output image
    :param image_mode: The mode to use for images ("RGB" or "L")
    """
    cmap = None if image_mode == 'RGB' else 'gray'
    z_dim = input_z.get_shape().as_list()[-1]
    example_z = np.random.uniform(-1, 1, size=[n_images, z_dim])

    samples = sess.run(
        generator(input_z, out_channel_dim, False),
        feed_dict={input_z: example_z})

    images_grid = helper.images_square_grid(samples, image_mode)
    pyplot.imshow(images_grid, cmap=cmap)
    pyplot.show()

Train

Implement train to build and train the GANs. Use the following functions you implemented:

  • model_inputs(image_width, image_height, image_channels, z_dim)
  • model_loss(input_real, input_z, out_channel_dim)
  • model_opt(d_loss, g_loss, learning_rate, beta1)

Use the show_generator_output to show generator output while you train. Running show_generator_output for every batch will drastically increase training time and increase the size of the notebook. It's recommended to print the generator output every 100 batches.

In [21]:
def train(epoch_count, batch_size, z_dim, learning_rate, beta1, get_batches, data_shape, data_image_mode):
    """
    Train the GAN
    :param epoch_count: Number of epochs
    :param batch_size: Batch Size
    :param z_dim: Z dimension
    :param learning_rate: Learning Rate
    :param beta1: The exponential decay rate for the 1st moment in the optimizer
    :param get_batches: Function to get batches
    :param data_shape: Shape of the data
    :param data_image_mode: The image mode to use for images ("RGB" or "L")
    """
    # TODO: Build Model
    _, width, height, channels = data_shape
    input_images, input_z, lr = model_inputs(width, height, channels, z_dim)
    d_loss, g_loss = model_loss(input_images, input_z, channels)
    d_train_opt, g_train_opt = model_opt(d_loss, g_loss, lr, beta1)
    step = 0
    with tf.Session() as sess:
        sess.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
        for epoch_i in range(epoch_count):
            for batch_images in get_batches(batch_size):
                # TODO: Train Model
                step += 1
                batch_z = np.random.uniform(-1, 1, (batch_size, z_dim))
                
                sess.run(d_train_opt, feed_dict={input_images: batch_images, input_z: batch_z, lr: learning_rate})
                sess.run(g_train_opt, feed_dict={input_z: batch_z, input_images: batch_images, lr: learning_rate})
                
                
                if step % 30 == 0:
                    train_loss_d = d_loss.eval({input_z: batch_z, input_images: batch_images})
                    train_loss_g = g_loss.eval({input_z: batch_z})

                    print("Epoch {}/{}...".format(epoch_i+1, epochs),
                          "Discriminator Loss: {:.4f}...".format(train_loss_d),
                          "Generator Loss: {:.4f}".format(train_loss_g))
                    
                    show_generator_output(sess, 25, input_z, channels, data_image_mode)

MNIST

Test your GANs architecture on MNIST. After 2 epochs, the GANs should be able to generate images that look like handwritten digits. Make sure the loss of the generator is lower than the loss of the discriminator or close to 0.

In [24]:
batch_size = 128
z_dim = 100
learning_rate = 0.01
beta1 = 0.3


"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
epochs = 2

mnist_dataset = helper.Dataset('mnist', glob(os.path.join(data_dir, 'mnist/*.jpg')))
with tf.Graph().as_default():
    train(epochs, batch_size, z_dim, learning_rate, beta1, mnist_dataset.get_batches,
          mnist_dataset.shape, mnist_dataset.image_mode)
Epoch 1/2... Discriminator Loss: 6.3072... Generator Loss: 4.8420
Epoch 1/2... Discriminator Loss: 2.3636... Generator Loss: 2.6732
Epoch 1/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.3443... Generator Loss: 1.9719
Epoch 1/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.5931... Generator Loss: 1.9246
Epoch 1/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.7799... Generator Loss: 1.5790
Epoch 1/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.4810... Generator Loss: 1.4124
Epoch 1/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.0643... Generator Loss: 1.1906
Epoch 1/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.6211... Generator Loss: 0.2740
Epoch 1/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.3088... Generator Loss: 0.4393
Epoch 1/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.5589... Generator Loss: 1.7203
Epoch 1/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.1200... Generator Loss: 0.7864
Epoch 1/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.2131... Generator Loss: 0.8451
Epoch 1/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.1190... Generator Loss: 0.8351
Epoch 1/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.2301... Generator Loss: 0.7059
Epoch 1/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.3189... Generator Loss: 0.4472
Epoch 2/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.2107... Generator Loss: 0.6341
Epoch 2/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.3670... Generator Loss: 0.4341
Epoch 2/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.2358... Generator Loss: 0.7162
Epoch 2/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.1724... Generator Loss: 0.6310
Epoch 2/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.3791... Generator Loss: 1.2680
Epoch 2/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.3248... Generator Loss: 1.0066
Epoch 2/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.1053... Generator Loss: 0.7205
Epoch 2/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.1476... Generator Loss: 0.7490
Epoch 2/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.2353... Generator Loss: 0.8042
Epoch 2/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.3251... Generator Loss: 0.6140
Epoch 2/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.2367... Generator Loss: 1.1239
Epoch 2/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.3774... Generator Loss: 1.3126
Epoch 2/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.1922... Generator Loss: 0.6594
Epoch 2/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.1228... Generator Loss: 0.8370
Epoch 2/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.3232... Generator Loss: 0.6599
Epoch 2/2... Discriminator Loss: 1.5980... Generator Loss: 1.4876

CelebA

Run your GANs on CelebA. It will take around 20 minutes on the average GPU to run one epoch. You can run the whole epoch or stop when it starts to generate realistic faces.

In [25]:
batch_size = 128
z_dim = 100
learning_rate = 0.01
beta1 = 0.3


"""
DON'T MODIFY ANYTHING IN THIS CELL THAT IS BELOW THIS LINE
"""
epochs = 1

celeba_dataset = helper.Dataset('celeba', glob(os.path.join(data_dir, 'img_align_celeba/*.jpg')))
with tf.Graph().as_default():
    train(epochs, batch_size, z_dim, learning_rate, beta1, celeba_dataset.get_batches,
          celeba_dataset.shape, celeba_dataset.image_mode)
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 3.1409... Generator Loss: 3.3430
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.9137... Generator Loss: 3.9876
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.2560... Generator Loss: 2.1125
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.1946... Generator Loss: 1.2541
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.3394... Generator Loss: 0.9179
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.2826... Generator Loss: 0.5419
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.2432... Generator Loss: 1.3393
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.3208... Generator Loss: 0.5057
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.3288... Generator Loss: 0.5027
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.4591... Generator Loss: 0.3672
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.1189... Generator Loss: 0.9288
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.3283... Generator Loss: 0.5635
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.3775... Generator Loss: 0.7925
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.6874... Generator Loss: 1.4619
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.2755... Generator Loss: 0.8318
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.1231... Generator Loss: 0.5907
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.3127... Generator Loss: 0.6422
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.4062... Generator Loss: 0.4804
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.3711... Generator Loss: 0.6793
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.4152... Generator Loss: 1.0657
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.4157... Generator Loss: 0.7038
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.3122... Generator Loss: 0.5742
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.3259... Generator Loss: 1.1807
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.3349... Generator Loss: 0.7143
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.2892... Generator Loss: 0.6188
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.2343... Generator Loss: 0.7922
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.3128... Generator Loss: 0.7011
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 0.9433... Generator Loss: 0.9006
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.3073... Generator Loss: 1.0554
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.2099... Generator Loss: 0.6507
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.0567... Generator Loss: 0.8197
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 0.7540... Generator Loss: 0.8994
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.1727... Generator Loss: 0.6002
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.3198... Generator Loss: 0.5963
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.3713... Generator Loss: 0.7863
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.0311... Generator Loss: 1.5090
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.3383... Generator Loss: 0.8994
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.7921... Generator Loss: 0.2344
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.4480... Generator Loss: 0.4097
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.2981... Generator Loss: 0.9431
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.2987... Generator Loss: 0.7083
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.5237... Generator Loss: 0.3519
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 0.6703... Generator Loss: 1.2036
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.6300... Generator Loss: 1.3644
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.3465... Generator Loss: 0.4743
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.3738... Generator Loss: 0.4907
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.3944... Generator Loss: 1.5281
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.3187... Generator Loss: 0.9116
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.2294... Generator Loss: 0.6934
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.4024... Generator Loss: 0.4841
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.2247... Generator Loss: 0.8391
Epoch 1/1... Discriminator Loss: 1.5269... Generator Loss: 0.5889

Submitting This Project

When submitting this project, make sure to run all the cells before saving the notebook. Save the notebook file as "dlnd_face_generation.ipynb" and save it as a HTML file under "File" -> "Download as". Include the "helper.py" and "problem_unittests.py" files in your submission.